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George Washington Carver c. While a professor at Tuskegee Institute , Carver developed techniques to improve types of soils depleted by repeated plantings of cotton. He wanted poor farmers to grow other crops, such as peanuts and sweet potatoes , as a source of their own food and to improve their quality of life. Apart from his work to improve the lives of farmers, Carver was also a leader in promoting environmentalism.

In an era of high racial polarization, his fame reached beyond the black community. He was widely recognized and praised in the white community for his many achievements and talents. In , Time magazine dubbed Carver a "Black Leonardo ". The date of his birth is uncertain and was not known to Carver because it was before slavery was abolished in Missouri, which occurred in January , during the American Civil War.

Giles died before George was born and when he was a week old, he, his sister, and his mother were kidnapped by night raiders from Arkansas.

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George's brother, James, was rushed to safety from the kidnappers. The kidnappers sold the trio in Kentucky. Moses Carver hired John Bentley to find them, but he found only the infant George.